Due to its geographical and strategic location, Syria is considered one of the most important countries in the Middle East, which has been able to play an important role in the process of regional developments in the last few decades. During the Syrian civil war, the Islamic Republic of Iran and the Russian Federation established their influence against the Western hegemony by forming a coalition based on mutual security and military interests. However, the change in the political system in Syria has caused the traditional equation of this coalition to fluctuate. The question of this research is how the post-Assad Syrian political system will affect Iran-Russia relations in the West Asia region? This research aims to investigate how the Syrian political system will affect Iran-Russia relations in West Asia, using the descriptive-analytical research method and the theory of realism-alliances and coalitions. The research findings show that, according to this theory, the strategic interests of Iran and Russia in Syria go beyond Bashar al-Assad and are rooted in their needs to control security corridors and confront the influence of the United States and Israel. With the end of the Assad regime and the formation of a new political structure in Syria, major changes may occur in the region and internationally, especially in Iran-Russia relations. Since the research that has been conducted so far on Iran-Russia relations has focused more on the conditions during the survival of the Assad regime and its developments, and whether it was ISIS or Iran-Russia relations at a macro level, less research has been done on the post-Assad developments in Syria and the role of new actors such as Golani and its impact on Iran-Russia relations.