Afghanistan experienced a new experience of state-building from 2001-2021. During this period, the Afghan government, with its international and mainly Western partners, tried to establish a liberal state in Afghanistan. Although there were high hopes for the formation of a modern state from 2001-2003, since 2003, disappointment in the efficiency of the state has slowly emerged; because since 2003, insecurity has been intensifying. Some have considered the reason for insecurity to be the inability of political leaders to manage the country; some have pointed to the negative role of neighbors; and others have spoken of the Great Game. The purpose of the current article is to explain this issue. Therefore, the main question in this research is how has the competition between Russia and the United States in the three dimensions of politics, military-security, and economy affected the security of Afghanistan? The research hypothesis is that these two powers, considering the differences over the US presence in Afghanistan, the issue of the Taliban and Afghan peace, the transfer of energy through Afghanistan, and American democratization, have pursued a confrontational policy in Afghanistan, which has led to a decrease in security in Afghanistan. This article, using a qualitative method and library data, has reached the conclusion that the competition between Russia and the US in Afghanistan in the three aforementioned areas has caused both countries to seek to balance and limit each other's influence and pursue a complex multi-level game in Afghanistan. This has damaged the country's relative security and rendered peace talks fruitless. Because the alignment of interests of domestic groups (whether political parties, part of the government, or the Taliban) with these two countries has complicated security policymaking and measures to ensure security.